Permanent waving



v. J. GENTILE PERMANENT wAvING Sept. 5, 1933.

Filed Sept. 2l

INVENTO l ATTORNE 4and 2) is hollow as naif winding machine serial no.reisen, med July l2, 1930. My said hair winding machine produces awinding or curl of superior uniformity and excellence, and good windingis necesing the tress upon the member 5. The interior steam permeationmay be variously accomplished,

ybut as embodied, waving fluid is introduced into the interior of thecurl and heated. The introduction of the fluid into the curl may also bevariously eected. As embodied, the member ,5 is provided with aplurality of very small apertures 9 between the hollow interior 7 andthe exterior, in the portion of the member 5 which will be covered bythe wound tress. The outer end 13 of member 5 is open, and when'mywinding machine is used, the mandrel is connected to the winder at thisend. in this preferred embodiment, the waving iiuid, or the carriertherefor, is introduced within the member 5 at or from this open end.

As now preferably practiced, and as here ernbodied, the waving liquid isintroduced within the curl by means of a carrying device inserted withinthe member 5, and the interior steaming is effected by heat applied tothe liquid within the member 5, whereby steam is generated and permeatesthe cuil throughout its length from the interior outwardly; although theintroduction of the liquid and the interior steaming may be otherwiseeffected so far as concerns the broader features of the invention. Saidliquid carrier, as embodied, comprises a slender elongated body capableof carrying the liquid, preferably by absorption, and where a chemicalsolution is used in the steaming, the carrier may be impregnated withthe chemical and later supplied with water, or the chemical solutionitself may be absorbed by the carrier. l porting core ld which ispreferably of a rustless or non-'corrosive material, has exterlorly ahlar or other. structure or material l5, constituting the liquidcarrier, the liquid being absorbed and held between the thread-like orbristle-like members of the part l5. The liquid carrying element may beconstructed to absorb and carry a predetermined uuantity of fluid, andin other embodimentslilrewise the quantity of fluid introduced into Athecurl may be nicely regulated, so as to effect the desired result. Thisregulation of the interior supply of uid may be varied for curls ofvarious sizes on the same head. When the carrier is charged withliduicLit is passed into the interior of the foraminate tube 5, and itpreferably has an enlarged outer end 16 which serves as a closure forthe end of the member 5. Upon the application of heat and generationyofsteam,

'this closure when used, will helpfto create sufficient pressure withinmember 5to drive the steam outwardly 'thru the apertures 9 into theinterior of the curl. In the preferred 'form and as shown in Fig. i, thetress 1'? is wound spirally about the support 5, and a pervious tape 18is interwound therewith, or thereover, to hold the curl, and especiallythe hair ends in position, and the outer end of the tape is suitablyfastened, and is usually clamped to the support 5.

in carrying out my invention to the best advantage,I the waving uid isapplied also to the exterior of the curl, and so far as its details areconcerned this may be done inclue of the usual As so embodied a centralor supmanege ways. As shown a'sachet 23 may be wrapped about the curl,as shown in Fig. l. The sachet comprises an inner leaf or sheet of feltor other absorptive material, and an outer layer 24 of paper, metal foilor other relatively impervious material. The inner absorbent layer isimpregnated with a chemical solution or other suitable Awaving fluid,and wrapped about the curl, and

the outer or relatively impervious layer 24 is wrapped about and encasesthe whole. The inner end of the sachet is preferably held in place aboutthe bottom of the curl, and just below the inner end of the member 5, byany suitable device such as a clamp 25, and the outer end of the sachetis twisted and crimped or otherwise substantially closed in any desiredway.

In thus carrying out my process, the tresses are divided on the head,and are stretched and wound, with practically uniform or definitelyvaried tension, about the tubular foraminate supports 5, and thisuniform or denitely regulated tension and winding constitutes theprimary requisite for uniform and super-excellent waving, irrespectiveof the size of the curl and the number of hairs therei Furthermore, thewaving fluid is applied in proper or regulated quantity orproportion/within the curl throughout its length, and in like manner toits exterior throughout its length, preparatory to the steaming. Heatmay be applied in any suitable manner and this may be done by means ofthe usual socalled waving machine, that is, by the electrical heatingsockets, such as 29, encircling the various sachet-enclosed curls, theamount and duration of the heat application being controlled by theoperator, or otherwise. in the best practice the application of the heatis largely controlled by the judgment of the operator, but the presentinvention, by the means and in the manner pointed out, safeguardsagainst damage or ill results which might otherwise result from mistaireor neglect on the part of the operator.

ln practice in beauty shops, in dividing the hair into strands ortresses preparatory to winding or curling, it is of course impossible toform curls of uniform size, or to get the same amount of hair into eachtress and curl; and this variation in itself is conducive to beauty andnaturalness in a wave, if thorough steam penetration can be effected.Practically uniform steam penetration and steaming action under thoseconditions is one of the main objects 4of the present invention. Thepenetrative lpower or effect of the steam from the waving fluiddecreases inwardly of the curl, or considered otherwise, the resistanceof the tightly-'wound hair and intermeshed air to the penetration of thesteam into the curl is cumulative; and by simultaneous application ofwaving fluid both within and exteriorly to the curl, and the resultantsteaming and-steam penetration in both directions, these negativeinfluences are overcome,` and thorough and uniform steaming of theentire curl is insured. As a result there is no dry-heating (i. e.marcelling) norinadeqate steaming, of the inner part of the curl, bothof which faults or defects necessarily result in scorching andinadequate and impermanent waving. That is, due to these faults theinner part of the wound tress is vdry heated like an ordinary marcel,and after the first shampoo loses its permanency.

The invention further obviates any necessity for attempted closeregulation by the operator with the necessarily unsatisfactory results,as i

